Molecular+Genetics

__Heredity and Evolution/ Molecular Genetics__ Lab #6 - Molecular Biology How does bacterial transfomation using a restriction endonnuclease occur? What is the size of the fragment formed by a specific endonuclease?

__Summary:__ Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is the molecule of life. It is composed of a nucleotide, made up of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Their can be 4 nitrogen bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. Adenine will always pair with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. Thus %A=%T and %G=%C. It is the order of the nitrogen bases that give each individual their own unique look, since DNA is transcribed and translated into proteins which eventually give an organism its look or phenotype.

__Vocabulary words and definitions__

Plasmids-Ring of bacterial DNA that carries genes separate from the main chromosome.

Conjugation

bacterial trasduction restriction endonucleases.
 * bacterial transformation:** exchange of genetic information
 * Restriction Endonucleases:** The enzymes that cut up DNA strands to prevent foreign DNA from altering the DNA of the cell

Transduction

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Mitosis

Gametes - A sexual reproduction cell. A haploid cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Somatic cells - Most cells. Any cell that is not a gamete

Autosomes - Any of the chromosomes that don't determine the sex of the organism

Budding

Centrosomes

Tetrads

Sex Linked Genes

Law of Segregation

Law of Independent Assortment

Map units

Nondisjuction DNA helicase

Bacteriophages

__People and their experiments__
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 * Gregor Mendel
 * Morgan